In between the first and second Gulf
Wars, Saddam Hussein launched a massive project to drain the
Mesopotamian Marshes, fed by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It was
an area twice the size of the Everglades. There were about a quarter
million people who lived in and near the marshes, making their living
by fishing, raising water buffalo, cutting reeds, etc. They are
tribal groups collectively known as Marsh Arabs, and for unknown
reasons, Hussein decided to starve them out. He had massive dikes
constructed to impede the flow of water into the marshes from the
rivers, and also dug canals to drain the marshes themselves.
Imagine what could have been
accomplished with all that time, effort, and money- schools,
hospitals, clinics, food, roads, the list goes on. But I digress.
By the time international military
personnel reached the area (near Basra) in 2003, the marshes no
longer existed. The area had been converted to a desert. If you have
trouble understanding how the Sahara became a desert, you can clearly
see it in the before and after photos and video in Braving Iraq,
produced for Nature on PBS. The program documents efforts over the
past 10 years to restore the marshes and the culture and wildlife
that once flourished here.
So far, a small portion of the marshes
is back, but the Marsh Arabs are returning, the reeds are growing,
fish and frogs are reproducing, and migrating birds are nesting once
again. Nature Iraq is working to restore the natural flow of the
rivers, the flood cycle, and maintain a balance between conservation
and sustainable human activity. They envision a national park, with
eco-tourism, that will be on the list of must-see places in the
world. When you see the flocks of pelicans and teals rise out of the
reeds, you want them to succeed at their mission.